In this semester's course, we have arranged a total of six philosophical units: Epistemology, Metaphysics, Philosophy of Mind, Ethics, Political Philosophy, and Philosophy of Law. In line with our course's goal of "Humanistic Thinking," we have chosen philosophical issues related to 'humans' as much as possible, hoping to make students realize that philosophical discussions are not just mental exercises, but are closely related to our lives. Here's a brief introduction to the topics covered in these units: 1. Epistemology: A major difference between humans and other animals lies in the deeper understanding humans have of this world, which seems to be based on having more 'knowledge'. However, do we really have a proper grasp of the concept of 'knowledge'? What is the relationship between knowledge and 'true belief'? 2. Metaphysics: Metaphysical questions directly correspond to our worldview, exploring the true nature of the world and what exists within it. In this semester's metaphysics unit, we will focus on the themes of 'free will', 'causality', and 'personal identity'. 3. Philosophy of Mind: In this unit, we will explore what the 'mind' (especially the human mind) is like. Humans have complex mental abilities that allow them to distinguish themselves from others and to recognize differences in various things. What is the nature of these mental abilities? We will discuss several common theories of mind and further examine their difficulties. 4. Ethics: Ethics focuses on how people interact with each other, specifically, how we should treat one another. We cannot observe right and wrong, good and bad. This raises a question: Do moral properties really exist? If so, how should such properties be understood and recognized? 5. Political Philosophy: If ethics is concerned with the interactions between people, political philosophy deals with the relationship between individuals and the state. States always claim to have the legitimacy to govern their people, but where does this legitimacy come from? 6. Philosophy of Law: The state regulates its citizens through laws, and a major difference between legal norms and moral norms is that legal norms usually come with corresponding punishments, which are coercive. This raises a question: By what right does the 'law' have such coercive power?