| 課程大綱Course Description： |
| 本課程主要目的是了解最新反芻動物營養。反芻動物營養主要包括蛋白質、碳水化合物和脂肪的代謝，詳細內容包括：1.反芻營養-碳水化合物：碳水化合物的複合物；反芻動物生理；唾液的產生和功能；碳水化合物的瘤胃代謝-生化；用於動物生產的纖維性作物和殘渣；反芻動物中動物與微生物的相互作用；消化後懸浮液中的酚酸成分；瘤胃降解植物細胞壁多醣；瘤胃原生動物對植物細胞壁的降解；厭氧真菌對植物細胞壁的降解；通過厭氧真菌產生去球化作用；瘤胃厭氧真菌的木聚醣分解系統；真菌細胞壁的水溶性多醣；細胞壁組成及厭氧瘤胃真菌的檢測能量代謝和揮發性脂肪酸的代謝；碳水化合物代謝異常；瘤胃功能障礙；乳製品生產和碳水化合物需求。2.反芻營養–蛋白質和氨基酸：蛋白質的複合物；瘤胃生態和氮代謝；基於分子的微生物生態學和瘤胃氮代謝的觀點；脂解性和親和性肽和氨基酸發酵菌；檢查瘤胃內氮的再循環；基於遺傳的方法檢查微生物生理和瘤胃氮代謝；瘤胃細菌中的氮控制；肽運輸細胞和分子方面；肽吸收利用縮環肽；瘤胃中碳水化合物氮代謝之間的相互作用；蛋白質的分解代謝；瘤胃中蛋白質降解的價值；過瘤胃蛋白與降解蛋白之間的關係；瘤胃微生物利用含氮化合物；瘤胃中氨基酸和蛋白質的合成；微生物蛋白質的組成。 |
| English Outline： |
| The purpose of the course is to understand the advanced knowledge on ruminant nutrition. The major part of ruminant nutrition includes the metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and fat. The detailed contents will include the following topics. 1. Ruminant nutrition- carbohydrate: the complex of carbohydrate; ruminant physiology; salivary production and function; rumen metabolism of carbohydrate- biochemistry; fibrous crops and residues for animal production; plant animal and microbial interactions in ruminant; phenolic acid composition in suspension fluid after digestion; degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides by rumen; plant cell wall degradation by rumen protozoa; anaerobic fungi; plant cell wall degradation by anaerobic fungi; production of depolgmerizing by anaerobic fungi; the xylanolytic system of rumen anaerobic fungi; water soluble polysaccharides of fungal cell wall; cell wall composition and detection of anaerobic rumen fungi; energy metabolism and metabolism of the volatile fatty acids; abnormal carbohydrate metabolism; rumen dysfunction; dairy production and carbohydrate requirement. 2. Ruminant nutrition – protein and amino acids: the complex of protein; rumen ecology and nitrogen metabolism; a molecular-based perspective of microbial ecology and ruminal nitrogen metabolism; proleolytic and abligate peptide and amino acid – fermenting bacteria; examination of intraruminal nitrogen recycling; a genetic-based approach to the examination of microbial physiology and ruminal nitrogen metabolism; nitrogen control in ruminal bacteria; peptide transport cellula and molecular aspects; peptide absorption; utilization of crculating peptides; the interaction between carbohydrates nitrogen metabolism in rumen; catabolism of ingested protein; the value of protein degradation in the rumen; bypass protein; the relation between bypass protein and degradation protein; utilization of nitrogenous compounds by rumen microorganisms; synthesis of amino acids and protein in the rumen; the composition of microbial protein. |
| 本科目教學目標Course Objectives： |
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