The laboratory work is to acquaint students with understanding of both practical operation as well as theoretical aspects of the lecture subjects. The contents include the observation of diffusion, osmosis and plasmolysis, measurement of water potential and transpiration, plant nutrition and symptoms of mineral deficiency , measurement of root pressure, translocation of organic solutes in phloem, quantity of respiratory enzymes, extraction and quantitative determination of plant protein, seperation of photosynthetic pigments by TLC, chlorophyll absorption spectrum and quantitative determination, physiological functions of growth regulators.