This course is a cross-disciplinary science that seeks to describe the mechanisms and bionic applications of animal adaptations. It addresses ecological questions about morphology and the controls over the respiration, circulation, metabolism, excretion, movement, sensation, and others, as these processes are affected by interactions between animals with their physical, chemical, and biotic environment. At a level of integration (physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology), the diversified adaptations can help us understand the functional significance of specific animal traits and their evolutionary heritage. Its knowledge is the basis of design and technology of bionics.